Flow cytometry is a technique for detecting and quantifying the physical and chemical properties of a population of cells or particles. A sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer equipment in this process. Flow cytometry is a well-established technology for identifying cells in a solution that is most typically used to assess peripheral blood, bone marrow, and other bodily fluids. Immune cells are identified and quantified using flow cytometry, which is also used to describe hematological malignancies. The evaluation of cells through this technique has a key role in diagnosing many chronic diseases. It analyzes biological activities inside cells, apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle, cell membrane, cell proliferation, and measurement of DNA per cell.
The major diagnostic applications include benign hematologic process, cancer, AIDS, immune deficiency, benign hematologic, and these diseases' detection using fluorescence. In this process, cells are dyed with fluorophores to detect the light emitted to produce the intensity by labeling specific proteins (immunophenotyping) for diagnosing leukemia and lymphomas.
